Solar Decathlon USA 09
The assembly of 20 solar homes on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., is rapidly approaching completion, as the 2009 Solar Decathlon prepares to open, free to the public, on October 9th. The Solar Decathlon is an international event in which DOE challenges university teams to design and build homes that run entirely on solar energy.
The teams ship their partially constructed homes to the National Mall, assemble them, and then compete in ten contests. This year, the 20 teams came from universities in Arizona, California, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, and Wisconsin, as well as Puerto Rico, Canada, Germany, and Spain. Dr. Steven Chu, Secretary of Energy
What are the 10 contests?
• Architecture (100 points): Teams are required to integrate solar and
energy-efficiency technologies seamlessly into their house designs. A jury
of professional architects assesses team construction documents and tours
the houses. It evaluates three main factors: architectural elements, holistic
design, and inspiration.
• Market Viability (100 points): Teams build their houses for a target
market of their choosing. Teams are then asked to demonstrate the
potential of their houses to keep costs affordable within that market. A jury
of professionals from the homebuilding industry determines each house’s
market viability, including livability, buildability, and marketability.
• Engineering (100 points): The Solar Decathlon Engineering contest
rewards teams for their engineering excellence. A jury of professional
engineers evaluates each house for functionality, efficiency, innovation,
and reliability.
• Lighting Design (75 points): A jury of lighting designers and industry
experts evaluates each house’s lighting selections. Teams earn points in
this contest by designing functional, energy-efficient, and aesthetically
pleasing lighting systems. The jury evaluates the following in each house:
electric lighting quality, daylighting quality, ease of operation, flexibility,
energy efficiency, and building integration.
• Communications (75 points): Teams are challenged to communicate
about the technical aspects of their houses, as well as their experiences, to a
wide audience through Web sites and public open houses. The
Communications contest awards points to teams based on their success in
delivering clear and consistent messages and images that represent the
vision, innovative ideas, and results of their projects. A jury of Web site
development and public relations experts evaluates the team Web sites,
communications plans, and student-led house tours for effectiveness. In
addition, the jurors assess each team’s delivery of team messages to target
audiences as well as the ability to engage visitors on the National Mall.
• Comfort Zone (100 points): Teams design their houses to maintain
comfortable, steady, and uniform indoor environmental conditions
throughout. For the Comfort Zone contest, teams receive full points for
maintaining narrow ranges of temperature (72°F/22.2°C–76°F/24.4°C) and
relative humidity (40%–55%) inside the houses.
• Hot Water (100 points): The Hot Water contest demonstrates that solar
hot water systems can supply all the hot water that households use daily.
Teams score points in this contest by successfully completing several daily
15-gallon “hot water draws.”
• Appliances (100 points): The Appliances contest is designed to mimic the
appliance use of the average U.S. home while using less energy. To earn
points, student teams must maintain refrigerator and freezer temperatures
within typical ranges (34°–40°F for refrigerator; -20°– -5°F for freezer),
wash and dry 10 loads of laundry, and run the dishwasher five times during
the contest.
• Home Entertainment (100 points): The Home Entertainment contest is
designed to demonstrate that houses powered solely by the sun can deliver
more than just basic household functionality. They can also provide a
comfortable setting with power for electronics, appliances, and modern
conveniences.
• Net Metering (150 points): In an effort to reflect how most residential
solar electric systems operate when connected to the power grid, Solar
Decathlon 2009 features a new Net Metering contest. Each team house is
equipped with a utility meter that enables competition organizers to
measure how much net energy the house produces or consumes over the
course of the competition. Teams score points for producing as much or
more energy than they consume.
What is net metering?
Net metering is an electricity policy that encourages people to generate their own
power. A single meter tracks when electricity is drawn from the grid and when
electricity is fed back into the grid. That way, electricity producers are
compensated at the retail rate for the electricity they supply to the grid (as long as it
is less than the electricity they consume). Without net metering, self-generators are
typically compensated at a lower wholesale rate for the electricity they produce. Website link: http://www.solardecathlon.org/ Screen casts from Solar Decathlon Teams:http://www.solardecathlon.org/virtual_tours/#app=f692&371a-selectedIndex=0&985-selectedIndex=2
ENERGY FACTS AND FIGURES
Energy Consumption
• The world consumes about 472 quadrillion (quad or 1015) British thermal
units (Btu) of energy each year.
o Approximately 86% of that use comes from burning fossil fuels —
petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
• The United States consumes about 100 quads of energy per year.
o Approximately 84% of U.S. energy consumption is fossil fuel use.
o The United States uses nearly $1 million worth of energy each
minute, 24 hours a day, every day of the year.
o With less than 5% of the world’s population, the United States
consumes about one-fourth of the world’s energy resources.
o The United States uses about 334 million Btu/person in a year,
while the world on average uses 72 million Btu/person in a year.
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